Sehrish Mallah
Suicide is the intentional act of killing own self. This is the second leading cause after accidents in which numbers of the peopledie around the world. This life ending acthas the worse affects on families , communities, andcountries. The act of suicide occurs through the world that affects the individuals of all nations,cultures, religions, gender and classes.In 2020 in United States of America over 45000 people died by suicide. World health organization (WHO) has estimated that approximately 1.4 million people commit suicide each year.And in Pakistan between 15 to 35 adults commit suicide everyday. According to WHO estimation about attempts in Pakistan was 2.9per 100,000 i. e over 5.500 killed themselves. Over 700,000 people die by suicide every year. In India 164,033 people has committed suicide in 2021. In india suicide is an emerging and serious public health issue according to the world health organization (WHO). South Korea recorded a suicide rate of 26, per 100,000 in 2021 up from 25,7 in 2020 the highest among all developed nations.It has been seen that the rising rate being attributed to the financial and unemployment problems in the country.The rate of suicide attempts increased in Korea in 2021 from the previous year, which highlights the effects of pandemic and lockdown period. In 2020 the suicide rate was 25.7 in Korea which was also the highest rate among developed countries. In china suicide is the fifth leading cause of death. In Many western countries men are more likely to commit suicide. But in china mostly women are the suicide victims.China’s economic boom led greater independence for women and this made women much more able to get devorce. As means of dealing with domestic violence. However, this independency of devorce means they must work long hours for raising their children without their family support.When women exertion of their stressfull lives and admitted to hospital for psychiatric care, they likely to be discharged much more sooner then males. Even they do not want to do so but they feel that need to go back to their jobs and family as quickly as possible.In china it has been seen that mostly people commit suicidein rural areas than cities. Pesticide and other poisons are used to suicide attempts in china.According to the world health organization Africa has the world’s highest rate of deaths by suicide.In Africa region 11 people per 100,000 per year die by suicide. TheWHO said in statement , higher than the global average of nine per 100,000 people.It is said that, Africa is home to six of the 10 countries with the highest suicide rate worldwide . This is due to insufficient action to address and prevent the rise factors including mental health condition and depressionwhich is affecting 116 people from 53 million in 1190. The common methods used in suicide in the African region are hanging, pesticide, jumping from height, self poisoning or medication overdose.Turkey hasthe lowest rate of suicide attempts from developed countries. suicidehas four types identified by Emile Durkheim, egoisticsuicide, altruistic suicide, anomic suicide and fatalistic suicide. (1) Egoistic suicide relates with the people who do not have any kind of interaction with others. They get no social care. They see themselves as alone in society. They feel difficulty to adjust social groups. (2) Altruistic suicide occurs when people have high involment in social groups. Individuals become ready to sacrifice for the sake of religion and political cause. The example for altruistic suiciders is suicide bomber. (3) anomic suicide this type of suicide occurs when individuals suffering from high levels of stress and frustration. People commit suicide when unexpected and sudden changes comes in situationse.g: when people face extreme financial loss. (4) Fatalistic suicide relates to the people who livetheir life under the tight regulation. Peopleare under high expectations and extreme rules. Such asthe example of fatalistic suicide is slavery or persecution.Such as corean actors live their life in extreme rule and tight regulation. Most of the causes arethere of suicide, mental disorders , depression, personality disorder, anxiety and bipolar disorder. Financial difficulties such as continuosly unemployment and accademic difficultiessuch as students take burden of their studies , most of the students are possessive towards their studies and when they get low marks or they become fail theytake this very seriously and become depressed about the thoughts like how will i face the world and parents. relationship problems is also the major cause of attempts, such as breakups or divorces. People use to suicide when they suffer from the relationship separations. They lose their strength to face the world alone and in order to avoid relationship separation sufferings they chose to end their life.Or Harrasment and bullying. People sufferfrom harassments, and do not get justice they become highly depressed and they do not see any other way to escape that kind of situation and at last they commit suicide. And there is big number of menin suicide as compared to women. Numbers of the methods are used by the people to killed themselves. The most frequentlyused method of suicide is hanging, firearms and pesticide poisoning. In previous years hanging was the most common method used by most of the people in suicide inmajority of the countries Firearmsuicide Through guns was the trend since 1980s to 1990s. It was the most used method in united States. Firearms wasusedbytheadultsage50 to 75. Pesticide poisoningpeople used to kill themselves with fast-acting poisonse.gHCN- hydrogen cyanide. Cutting wrists method is used by the attempters in which they loss a lot of blood and at last they die. Drowning, suicide by drowning method is also used by most of people. They submerge themselves in water and stay there for long time enoughto prevent breathing. In United States 2% people died by drowning in 2005.jumping, methodhadused by the people to killed themselves. They used to jump from Bridge, dam, high buildings. They have used to throw themselves from a high buildings windows.Among least common methods used less than 2% in 2005 in United States.Vehicular impact standing, jumping lying in front of largefast moving vehicle such as trucks trailers. Can give deep injury.Drug overdosing method used by adults in which they used to take overdose of drugs which gives worse results like death and brain damage. Itcan be difficult for others to understand that why people take this action of ending their lives. People feel sadness or grief, worthlessness, shame, intense guilt, desire to revenge, feeling like they have no worth and value, they trapped physically and emotionally which are enough reasons to lead people commitsuicide. Many factors are there that can contribute to people feel like this. Mental health conditions play significant role in these types of acts of individuals. According to one of the estimation 90% of the people who died by suicide haveissuewith their mental health conditions.There is good thing that suicide is a preventable act which can be decreased by taking notice of it. The very first way to prevent suicide is to understand and recognize the warnings by suiciders. Most of the suiciders do nothave mental illness but they are in grief and extremedepression, they are just emotionally in pain. They do not want death but they want to stop there pain and sufferings. Many suiciders try to get help before their life ending acts. Studies have shown that many people sought medical help before six months their suicide.Let the suicidal person free to unload his or her feeling in front of you. Let him/her know that you care for him/her. Do not let them feel alone. Take the conversations positive side no matter how much the negative conversation is. Find right and courteous words to cure the pain of a person with suicidal thoughts. Be sympathetic and non-judgmental during conversation with them. Donot argue with them. In order to decrease this act we have to recognize the problems of suicidal person on time.
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