Mian Majid Ali
Communal funds were set up which were used in times of financial need such as to pay ransom or blood-money ? In the event of a war or hostile attack from outsiders on one tribe, all tribes of Madinah (signatories of the charter) were required to come to the aid of the defending tribe ? In the event of a dispute among the signatories, Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was the final authority for settling the dispute
The concepts of basic democracy at grass route level(in the form of Areef And Nageeb system) Significance of the Charter of Madina In the Muslim history as well in the constitutional history of the world the charter of Madina is a revolutionary document. This charter of Madinachanged all aspects of life in Madina includingreligious,political and social life. Its prime attainment was bringing belligerent tribes together to form a polity and instituting long term peace among them. It put an end to the prevailing lawlessness and protected the liberty, life, property and religious sovereignty of all people included in the consensus. It created a state where equal rights and responsibilities were truly provided for all citizens. The charter of Madinasubstituted the traditional tribal kinship with
a new social-economic order and shaped a nation state with a new social fabric. In the book The First Written Constitution of the world by dr.Hamidullah; he writes” … this new constitution … brought with it very important, and … to Arabia at least — very revolutionary change and improvement, by providing the people with a central public institution for seeking justice, in place of everyone seeking it with the power of his own hand or, at best, that of his family. This epoch-making innovation … brought an end for all times to the chaos of tribalism and which laid the basis for a wider institution, viz a State.” There are some similarities between the US constitution and the chater of Madina.The two documents were written at very different times. The Constitution of Medina was written in 622 AD, which was established as the first year of the Hijra Islamic calendar. The US Constitution was written in 1787, over a millennium later. Fitting its more recent origin, the US Constitution we have in original as well as a number of draft versions. It was also written in English, so we know exactly what it says and there are no translation difficulties (though there can still be questions of interpretation of course). By contrast, the original documents of the Constitution of Medina were lost, and a number of variants were later recovered and translated. The Arabic language has changed enough since then that even native speakers of modern Arabic have some
difficulty understanding the Arabic of the untranslated versions. The Founding Fathers wrote the Constitution of the United States with the express intent to establish a new and better system of government, replacing monarchy with a democratic republic inspired by democracy in Classical Greece and based (at that time) extremely cutting-edge social science such as Adam Smith and Thomas Paine. Their ambition was grand– -the establishment of a new global superpower with a fundamentally superior system of government– -and yet, in many respects that ambition was successful. There are substantial similarities between the two constitutions. Both documents established freedom of religion, a concept that was almost unheard of in the 7th century AD and still controversial by the 18th. Under both systems, Jews, Christians, and Muslims are all free to practice their faiths undisturbed. Both documents also established a system of taxation to provide for the funding of the state and a judicial system to resolve disputes, as well as rules for how wars are to be fought and alliances are to be formed.
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