Maria Bano
Cooperation can only be sustained if both Individuals of society will have equal power to escape; only possible via repetitive exposure. The individual who wants to cooperate for the sake of maximizing the society’s utility must has to sacrifice his own utility as the other person is less likely to cooperate.The prisoners’ dilemma illustrates the tension that can arise when individuals work only to pursue their own self-interest. To understand this, consider twoBrands decided not to put the sale on their products simultaneously so that at one time only one brand can maximize its profit.The former one maximized sale at the expense of hiscompetitor in his turn but when its about the profit maximization oflatter one, Brand A showed rivalry and againput the off on his products to attract consumers.Theagreement was breached,truly based upon selfish motto and preferring individual’s utility over the whole.Both could maximize utility in future, if they wouldcooperate.This Unscrupulous behaviour Can only be altered or modified by the flow of information or External enforcement.Acting in your self-interest may not lead to a optimal solution.The “tit for tat” strategy has been determined to be the optimal way for optimizing a prisoner’s dilemma. Tit for tat was introduced by Anatol Rapoport, who developed a strategy to cope with this situation. ThisExample will surely make the layman clear about prisoner dilemma.Sisterforbidden her two siblings A and B not to use laptop for gameplay. A and B decided to distribute the time of gameplay mutually and not to tell the sister. Sister felt suspicious, and she enquired both of them separately and moreover offered a reward to the one who would reveal the truth. Player A confessed while the B refused. So, the A got the plus point( reward for cooperation with sister) and the Bgot punishment(not to cooperate with sister).The paradoxical behaviour, sibling A showed which is apparentlyrational to him. B will not cooperate with A very next time. Both would be better off if they would cooperate. Prisoner dilemmacan also be seen in Environment where every country is relying on other country to take steps in reduction of Global gases’ emissions.Various Negotiation related to reduction of the global emission fall and not kept up because there lies short term benefit for the one country, letting other to go ahead and take the responsibility of reducing the emission of gases. If all countries cooperate, surely they all would be better off and the whole utility of the society will be maximized but there is need to think as a whole. The one group always want to maximise its own utility at the expense of the other.The prisoner dilemma is actually conflict that can arise between individual and collective interests, we already seen. This fact can’t be denied that the reduction in global gases’ emission by adopting certain rules, will surely improve the standard of the lives of all the Humans living on the planet Earth, not making the environment green and clean, but also save the medical costs. Warmer temperatures over time are changing weather patterns and disrupting the usual balance of nature. Stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, trachea, bronchus and lung cancers, aggravated asthma and lower respiratory infections are due to Ozone layer depletion.Everyone is acknowledging the importance of the clean and green environment. Polluted environment brings a lot of fatal diseases mentioned above so everyone wants to breathe in the clean. In trade, every country wants to promote free trade. One country encourages its exports. But in terms of imports, it imposes tariffs to stimulate the local production, which is no longer said to be afree trade because one country is just satisfying its own Utility at the expense of other by discouraging the exports of other country.This is what prisoner dilemma is( two criminals, seeminglyto behave rationally.
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