What is Earthquake?

Samina Ayoub
An earthquake also known as a quake termor or tembor is the shaking of the Earth’s surface resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust that creates seismic waves.These events can range in intensity from those so week they can not be felt to those violent enough to cause significant damage .The primary cause of earthquakes is the movement of tectonic plates _the massive section of the earth crust the float atop the semi-fluid mantle. As these plates interact stress accumulates along their boundaries facults.(Fractures in the Earth crust) When the accumulated stress surpasses the strength of rocks.it results in a sudden rupture, releasing energy in the from of seismic waves.The point withen the Earth where the rupture initiates is called the hypocenter (or Focus ) While the point directly above epicenter.The energy released during an earthquake radiates out ward from the hypocenter causing the ground to shake .This shaking can lead to various effect including ground displacement . Structural damage and in some cases tsunamis if the earthquake occurs under the ocean . Seismic magnitude scales such as the Richter scale are used to quantify the size or energy released by an earthquake .These scales or Logarithmic, meaning each whole number in crease represents a tenfold in crease in measured amplitude and approximately 32 times more energy release. Understanding earthquake is crucial for assessing seismic risks especially in regians near tectonic plate boundaries . Preparedness measures including building structure’s to with stand seismic forces and developing early warning system are essential to mitigate the impact of earthquakes on communities. (Precautionary in earthquake) Earthquake can strike with out warning making it essential to be prepared and know how to respond to minimize injury and damage . Here are Key precautions to consider. 1- Before an earthquake Secure your environment anchor heavy furniture bookshelves and appliance to walls .Place heavy or Fragile items on lower shelves to prevent them from falling during an earthquake. 2- Develop an emergency plan . Create a family emergency communication plan that includes an out of state contact and designate meeting points .Ensure all family members are familiar with the plan . 3- Prepare an emergency kit . Assemble a kit with essentials such as Food ,water a flash light a first aid kit and a bettery -powered radio keep it in an easily accessible location . – Learn safety Procedures. Educate yourself and your family on Earthquake safety measures including the “Drop cover and hold on” technique b practice this regularly to ensure every one knows what to do during shaking. (During Earthquake ) 1(If in doors) Stay inside drop to your hands and knees ,take cover under (sturdy) furniture if available and hold an until the shaking stops.stay away from window and exterior walls . 2- (If out doors) Move to open area away from building ,trees and power lines .stay there until the shaking ceases . 3- (If in a vehicle ) Pull over safety away from overpasses , Bridges and power lines stay inside the vehicle until the shaking stops . (After an Earthquake) 1- check for injuries Assess yourself and those around you for injuries provide first aid as necessary and seek medical attention for serious injuries .[CONTINUE] 2- Inspect your environment. Look for hazards such as gas leaks fires ,or structural damage .if you suspect a gas leak ,turn off the gas supply open windows and leave the building. 3- Stay informed . Listen to local news or emergency boardcasts for updates and instructions . 4- Be prepared for after shoke. These can follow the main earthquake and may cause additional damage .Be ready to “Drop cover ,and hold on “again if necessary . By taking these steps before during ,and after and earthquake you can significantly reduce the risks and ensure the safety of yourself band your loved ones.