Abdul Qayyum Teewno
( Erik Erikson was an American psychologist, 1902 -1994)
When we see educational relations between a student and a teacher in Pakistan, suddenly names of strict teachers come to our minds, especially in rural areas of Sindh, KPK, and Baluchistan where teachers still teach to students with holding a strict to their hands. I’m not saying that they are not good teachers, but I’m saying they don’t know that holding a strict can destroy their students’ creative thinking, destroy their sense of rising questions, destroy their ability of trust to their own selves, and destroy their bravery to face failure, and it developed sense of fair and fair never get success and you know better behind the successful student there is hidden effort of the great teacher, teachers are like backbone of students. Therefore, teachers must be friendly with their students,and teacher also must be an actor not dictator. Now we are going to see the psychological development of child stages, which was given by the most famous German born American psychologist, Erikson, in 1950.
The first stage Is (Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt. In this stage, the age of the child is 1.5 to 3 years. During this stage, the child starts learning new things, such as the names of things or other things, and asking every thing every time. So if parents help a child without the prohibition of asking, then the child develops his sense of confidence and trust in society. In this stage, parents must not ignore the child because its development is going on. So now, when we see this stage, a teacher is not only responsible for the development of a student, but parents are also included. But the main thing is that if this stage is not well developed, it doesn’t matter. But after this stage, there is one most important stage. If that will be well developed, then students can survive well in the world, and that stage is all in the hands of primary teachers.
The stage Is [industry versus inferiority] between age 6 and 11 years. During this stage, a child learns new skills when they productively develop this stage. Then feel useful and sense of self-worth. So see, this is the main stage during this stage if the student gets a good cooperative teacher who encourages him that you can do anything that is in the world. Actually, this stage is a process of creative thought. So this is the main stage, which reflects whole-life. After this, there is another stage: identity versus confusion. During that stage, the student wants to identify his own self worth, set the purpose of life, and start critical thinking and take decisions. So if the previous stage would have well developed, then a student would be extraordinary. There are eight psychological child development stages, but the most important is that stage, which is between six and eleven years.So we can analyse that during this stage the main and compulsory role for students is teacher; therefore, teachers must know psychological terms and stages of development, and well training should be given to teachers to understand the psychology. Teachers must be like there is a practical example of this stage, movie, “Teri Zameen par.” This movie is the best example of how teachers should behave with students and how their relationship should be to their students. In movie when a student drew a painting, the teacher said to him, Yes, that’s good, but it should be best, and you can. So teachers must be like that during this stage, and then there is nothing to stop students to becoming successful in the world.
Now see the education system of Singapore, which is ranking in the top five in the world from the OECD (organization for economic corporation and development). Singapore educational institutions don’t give results of primary and secondary students because they know psychological terms of student’s development, so during primary or secondary they don’t degrade their students that your marks are not good, then students might demotivate, so they just focus their thinking power on how the student thinks because they know if psychological terms will be well developed then student can do anything in his life. Now the question arises: does Singapore take benefits from this education system? Yes, students of Singapore don’t flow to the ruto system, and they always flow to concepts to understand things because they don’t care of time or anything else; they just focus on understanding things rightly.
Now coming back to the educational system of Pakistan, here in Pakistan, students just think about the grade system. You can ask questions of university students from any subject of FSc; he can’t answer you because he studied to pass the exam; practical education had not given them; and there is not a practical education system in Pakistan; most students passed the exam through ruto, which means they are hard-working but they haven’t got a good education system. Pakistan’s education system must be changed like Singapore, or proper psychological training should be given to teachers that they should know about child development, and then students of Pakistan’ll also be the greatest scientists or can get higher posts in the world. The education system of Pakistan should be changed from a strict and old method because Erikson’s psychological development stages also suggest that to make the greatest generation successful, apply the psychological method in teaching.